Image-based Advertisement Analysis Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The logos of the image-based advert is however ineffective, considering the fact that it does not appeal to the reasoning of the targeted African audience. The use of a white woman-model to advertise the Air France brand in Africa is the first element of the advert that goes against all logic. The more logical appeal would have emanated from the use of an image of an African woman-model since the audience would be able to reason that Air France does not only embrace the African culture but is also more comfortable using Africans as its brand ambassadors. The structure of the image-based advert is very simple. The image-based advert simply presents the image of a woman model adorning an African attire and headscarf as the central part of the image, with the brand name Air France , advertisement message, France in the air and the destination, Dakar being sidelined to the very edges of the image-based advertisement. Despite this simple structure applied by the advert, the message is clearly delivered, since the advert simply seeks to inform the African air-travel clientele that Air France is already in the air, and serves destinations that include the African continent. We will write a custom essay sample on Image-based Advertisement Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

British Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant

Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell portrays the fictional life of Orwell during his time as sub-divisional police officer in Moulmein, Lower Burma. The essay unveils the identity crisis as a British man, where rising imperialism of British in Burma is becoming more dominant. The essay started off identifying who George Orwell was. A sub-divisional police officer of Moulmein, who developed a feeling of being anti-European towards the Burmese people. By claiming that no one is courageous enough to raise a riot against the British, Orwell basically told us how dominant the imperialist was. Even the Buddhist priests, who are well respected amongst the Burmese were being jeered by the British. Orwell furthers mentioned about the†¦show more content†¦First of all, the British Imperialist is controlling the Burmese people with autocratic approach that disallow the Burmese to voice their thoughts and opinions. The example shown when Orwell questioned several Burmese locals, wher e each of them answered him differently. We can see that the locals were scared to answer Orwell because answering him falsely will lead to public punishment by the Imperialist. It seems that the superiority of the British Imperialist dominates the Burmese so much that they have any rights to say and act in their presence. The decision of Orwell changing his weapons to an elephant rifle was when he saw the corpses of a dead Indian, black Dradvidian coolie being stomped by the elephant. As aforementioned, Orwell had no intention of shooting the elephant, especially a working one. Orwell valued the assets of working elephant by claiming that it is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machinery. The only reason he brought a rifle is to defend himself. With the assumptions that the elephant calmed himself down, Orwell decided not to shoot it and thus wait until the elephant walked home. On the other hand, he also realized that there were thousands of people, all happy and excited over this bit of fun, waiting and watching the elephant to be shot down by himself. The pressure from the crowd convinced Orwell to shoot the elephant. With the futility of the white man’s dominion in the East, this was the moment forShow MoreRelatedBritish-Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant718 Words   |  3 PagesThe essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell tells about the life of the narrator in a time of British-Imperialism. He tells the story of himself being a sub-divisional police officer in a town that was against the occupation of the British. The narrator worked in an aimless and lack of control area. The essay often tells of the anger that Orwell feels about the natives. The narrator’s attitude toward the natives is anger because the natives made his job difficult, they ridiculed him, and pressuredRead More George Orwells Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism842 Words   |  4 PagesGeor ge Orwells Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism    The glorious days of the imperial giants have passed, marking the death of the infamous and grandiose era of imperialism. George Orwells essay, Shooting an Elephant, deals with the evils of imperialism. The unjust shooting of an elephant in Orwells story is the central focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and its executioner. The British officer, theRead MoreThe Evil Of Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1023 Words   |  5 PagesShooting An Elephant In George Orwell’s narrative, â€Å"Shooting An Elephant,† Orwell recreates his experience as a soldier trying to end imperialism in the country of Burma by shooting an elephant. George Orwell recreates this experience of imperialism being evil through the use of literary devices. Orwell opens his essay by reflecting upon the evil of British imperialism before shooting the elephant. Orwell’s hatred for imperialism is exemplified when he mentions â€Å"was hated by large numbers of peopleRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1272 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† George Orwell, a journalist and an author of 1903 through 1950, is not only the author of â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† but surprisingly, he is also the narrator and the main character. Orwell’s narrative essay of 1936 takes place in squalid, British-occupied Moulmein, lower Burma. To begin, in the opening of his piece, Orwell describes himself as a young, British police officer who, ironically, despises the British imperial project in BurmaRead MoreShooting an Elephant938 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is an essay written by George Orwell and published in 1936 (Orwell 66). Orwell was born June 25, 1903, as Eric Arthur Blair and passed away January 21, 1950, in India (â€Å"George Orwell Biography†). Orwell was known for his journals, novels, and essays published about his own political views (â€Å"George Orwell Biography†). Orwell traveled to Burma after not doing good enough in school to earn a scholarship and decided to join the imperialRead MoreAnalysis Of Shooting An Elephant By George Orwell988 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly known as George Orwell, is the author of many compositions. Blair, the author of two of the most famous novels of the 1920s; Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, was born in Eastern Indian. He joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma but resigned in 1927 to become a writer (BBC). Orwell’s style of writing can be described as bold and vivid. He puts the truth in his writing. Orwell’s novel, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† was published in 1936. In the novel, a colonial policeman in British Burma is calledRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Shooting An Elephant1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s story ‘Shooting an Elephant’, insight is given into the life of an oppressor in the British Empire. Orwell, having undergone a significant personal experience, illustrates his experience of imperialism and the resounding effects is has on the ethical conduct and ideals of man, not only of the oppressed but also in regards of the oppressor. Orwell’s ‘Shooting an Elephant’ attempts to convey the sacrifice of one’s morality in service of imperialism. Through the spread of the BritishRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: Shooting an Elephant635 Words   |  3 PagesIn George Orwells â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† deals with the evil side of imperialism. The shooting of the elephant in Orwells story is the c entral focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and the British officer. The British officer, acts as a symbol of the imperial country and the elephant is the victim of imperialism. Together, the solider and the elephant turns this into an attack on the evils of imperialism. The shooting of the elephant showsRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† George Orwell achieves two achievements : he shows us his personal experience and his expression while he was in Burma; he use the metaphor of the elephant to explain to describe what Burma looked like when it was under the British Imperialism. The special about this essay is that Orwell tells us a story not only to see the experience that he had in Burma; he also perfectly uses the metaphor of the elephant to give us deep information about the Imperialism. By going throughRead M oreGeorge Orwells Essay Showing Regret for Shooting an Elephant880 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentation of George Orwell’s perception of British imperialism around the world. It is a firsthand account of how imperialism affects both rulers and the oppressed using a short story. The author shows how imperialism is a prison to not only the Burmese, but also the British. The message can clearly be seen though Orwell’s regret in being forced to kill an elephant. The purpose of this essay is to explain Orwell’s true message of anti-imperialism using the nature of tyranny and the British Empire as

Assess Different Sociological Explanations of SuicideAnomie free essay sample

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess different sociological explanations of suicide. (21 marks) Suicide is the  intentional  taking  of  ones  own  life and sociologists over the years have tried to put forward various explanations for why someone may do this. Within sociology there are many different views on suicide on the causes and explanations for it, these come from two main methodologies which are Positivists who believe that sociology is a science and they should aim to make causal laws on suicide rates, compared to Interpretivists who believe that they should look for meaning behind occurrences and certain individuals experiences before the suicide. Other perspectives also put in their views on what they believe to explain suicide for example, Realists. Item A references to Durkheim’s Structural Functionalist view on suicide, as stated Durkheim believes that due to sociology being a science with the topic of suicide it is very easy to make causal laws or as said in Item A ‘social facts’. Due to the fact Durkheim believed that there were a number of causes behind suicide he form four types of suicide from a Positivist viewpoint. Egoistic suicide which is when individuals are not integrated well enough into society for example people who live alone compared to those who live with family. Secondly Altruistic suicide which is when individuals are felt to be too integrated into society causing suicide, for example members of the armed forces were said to have greater suicide rates than civilian personnel as they were too strongly integrated into a united body. Durkheim also put forward the idea of Anomic suicide, this is when the norms and values in society become unclear or confused in times of great social change and an individual is not taught to adapt to changes well enough. For example an unexpected death of a family member is sudden social change which can cause Anomic suicide. Lastly, he suggested Fatalistic suicide. Fatalism is the thinking of the individual that they can do nothing to affect their situation and individuals find their future blocked and oppressed due to society over regulating them. For example slaves and prisoners may have this mindset when they take their own lives. Durkheim said that his work on suicide had several merits as it correctly revealed that suicide is a social rather than psychological occurrence and proved his methodology that you can establish laws and show that sociology is a science. However his theory on suicide has been met with some criticism. Douglas claimed that Durkheim’s work relied too heavily on the use of official statistics on suicide and he incorrectly assumed that these were representative of the real truth. Douglas notes that official statistics are socially produced and can be distorted in many ways, for example via concealment and varying definitions of suicide by coroners meaning that the validity of the statistics is doubted. So Douglas himself put forward an explanation for suicide. Douglas adopted a Symbolic Interactionist perspective, along with a interpretive methodology which is opposite to that of Durkheim. Some would argue that Douglas selected to look at suicide as an area of investigation as he thought it would illustrate the beliefs of Interactionists and highlight the short comings of the Structural Functionalists positivist approach. Douglas used psychiatrists reports and newspaper accounts to come up with his four patterns of social meaning for suicide and within his study he took a very subjective approach looking at meaning and motives. In Douglas’ view suicide could be due to four reasons, the first to gain release from the cares of the world to find happiness, to change the opinion of others in the suicides favour, to achieve a state of fellow feeling creating a climate of sympathy or to simply get revenge towards those who are causing pain towards them. Douglas believed that his work highlighted that suicide is a rational act rather than an automatic response to the environment as people are active not passive, and also to show that sociology is not a science and we should look into meanings over statistics. Obviously this was highly criticised by Structural Functionalists such as Durkheim who believed that Douglas’ work was too unscientific and that he incorrectly assumed that the nature of man is active rather than passive. Another sociologist who takes an Interpretivist methodology is Atkinson, believing that social meaning and context is more important in finding root causes. However unlike Douglas, Atkinson is a Ethnomethodologist which has a central belief of showing that each individual use their own members methods to work out what they see. This is why Atkinson decided to study suicide, also to show how official statistics are not enough. Atkinson focused on a Coroner’s report and underwent participant observation at an office to see what methods they used to decide whether a death was suicide or not. Atkinson stated that they used ‘common sense’ theories of suicide so if certain information were to fit the theories it would be called a suicide. They would look at clues to help decided, Atkinson named a few to which he believed was important within their decisions. Firstly was there a suicide note left, this clearly is a big clue to whether or not the individual meant to kill themselves. Secondly how did the individual die as certain ways such as hanging point towards suicide, also the location of the body, usually if it is hidden away out of sight then the person is indicating that they did not want to be found. Finally did the individual have any past mental illnesses or life history that could lead them towards suicide. Atkinson therefore stated that a suicide verdict reflects the assumptions and interpretation of the clues by the coroner rather than reality and facts. Atkinson’s study was said to have some merits as it did identify what clues coroners use to arrive at a suicide verdict, but also shows that positivists use of quantative data such as official statistics is not valid as they are produced by coroners who base the label of suicide on their own social assumptions. Hindess put forward a criticism for both Douglas and Atkinson, arguing that although Interpretive researchers have maintained that suicide statistics can be misleading they haven’t stated to what extent they distort people’s ideas, so therefore it may only be slight and still be possible to make accurate causal laws from a Positivist viewpoint. Taylor has put forward his view on suicide, taking a Realist approach which is very different from the explanations already stated. Taylor has tried to combine both Interpretivist and Positivist methodologies to come to a verdict on suicide. Taylor underwent a study on the London Underground and people who had died from falling underneath a train asserting that causal factors are important in considering suicide especially that of significant others such as family. In his investigation over half of the 32 who had died were said to have committed suicide although they were no actual evidence, coroners just based this on history of mental illness. Ignoring such factors of suicide and focusing on coroners is unrealistic, so looking at causal factors is from Taylor’s view a valid approach. But it is also important to gain a fuller understanding of suicide by finding a synthesis between the causes of the occurrence which is the Structural Functionalist side but also the exploration of the social meanings behind it, showing the Interactionist approach. Taylor therefore identified a category for suicide which is Sacrifice suicide, where it has occurred by the conduct of other people towards the suicide, for example family members have made the individuals life so unbearable this is the only way out. An advantage of Taylor’s approach to suicide is that it attempts to show how both positivist and interpretive methods are useful in trying to understand suicide, however certain sociologist have criticised it for being too one sided. It has been stated that Taylor focused more on the Interactionist failing to achieve ‘Structuralism’. Another criticism from Durkheim is that Taylor’s cause of suicide that he put forward seems unimportant compared to the large scale of the structural causes central concern such as sudden social change which is a more widespread reason. To conclude many sociologists have differing views to try to explain suicide and why they think individuals do take their own lifes, however these are just theories because no one will ever know the real root cause of why someone has ended their lives unless they leave a note explaining why and in many causes this does not happen.

Fine white sand clung on to my damp feet as I ambled along the beach Essay Example For Students

Fine white sand clung on to my damp feet as I ambled along the beach Essay Fine white sand clung on to my damp feet as I ambled along the beach. It was a lovely afternoon and the sun was shining brightly above the horizon, with the sea soaking up some of its radiant rays, reflecting the others, and shimmering vibrantly under the sky. I could see dark outlines of birds flying way over the mountains, flapping their wings and soaring higher and further away until they were so small that they could hardly be seen. I walked towards the edge of the water and small waves collapsed gently against my feet, reaching up to my ankles. A pleasant feeling of relaxation poured over me, then the wave gently pulled back, drawing the sand from under my feet and making it seem like the ground beneath my feet was moving. I turned around and scanned the rest of the beach. The sand was glistening brightly under the suns rays, and a tender and slightly humid zephyr had picked up and rustled gently through my hair, sending a brief shiver down my spine. I turned back and walked up the beach, more sand particles sticking to my soggy, wet feet and making a depression in the sand as I took each step. I sat myself down beside a small pile of deposited coral and stared as far out as my eyes could see. As the afternoon moved on, nearing evening, before the sun was about to set, the firmament was a blend of colours. There was a mÃÆ' ©lange of pinks, oranges and reds scattered across the sky. The sea itself was tranquil and serene, mirroring the shades of the sky and forming lively reflections in its waters and the sand still slightly glimmered in the gentle light of the sun. As evening took its place, the waves were getting bigger by the hour as the wind picked up speed. The sun began to set more quickly now and soon enough, it disappeared behind the mountains, leaving only faint rays to be seen just above the horizon. Then, they too vanished. The sky was growing darker was filled with the sound of thousands of birds chirping, making their way home. Soon enough, darkness poured itself over the entire beach and the sounds of the birds vanished as quickly as they had come, and nothing but the sound of thick silence, so palpable that I could almost taste it was present, but with the occasional swash, as the waves came in every few moments. As night fell over the beach, the waves were more powerful and sizable with great intensity, crashing recklessly against the rocks and boulders, leaving white foam to slowly slip off. The wind was stronger now, as it whipped my hair against my face and tangled it hopelessly into difficult knots. The mountains poking above the horizon were towering across the beach, casting dark, eerie shadows in the waters, making the whole scene a lot less welcoming. I turned around and walked up the beach, and  felt the smooth sand disappear from under my feet as I stepped onto the rough road, which would take me back home, away from the beachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Global Positioning System Essays (929 words) -

Global Positioning System What is GPS? The global positioning system is a satellite-based navigation system, developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defence, consisting of a network of 24 orbiting satellites that are eleven thousand nautical miles in space, at an inclination of 55 degrees and in six different orbital paths. The satellites are constantly moving, making two complete orbits around the Earth in just less than 24 hours. The GPS satellites are referred to as NAVSTAR satellites. GPS uses these 'man-made' stars as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of metres. Advanced forms of GPS can make measurements to better than a centimetre. GPS now permits land, sea and airborne users to determine their three dimensional position anywhere in the world very precisely and accurately. The user segment consists of receivers, processors and antennas. The vast majority of applications of precision possible with GPS is primarily of scientific and military use, but it is worth noting that these days, GPS is finding its way into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment and a lot more. Principles of Operation of GPS The GPS satellites orbit the Earth twice a day, 11,000 miles above the Earth transmitting their precise position and elevation. In brief, the GPS receiver acquires the signal, then measures the interval between transmission and receipt of the signal to determine the distance between the receiver and the satellite. Once the receiver has calculated this data for at least three satellites, its location on the Earth's surface can be determined. This is the basis of triangulation, which works as follows: -Determining the exact distance to one satellite narrows down the receiver's position to some place on an imaginary sphere. -Knowing the exact distance to a second satellite narrows the position down to the intersection of two spheres or a circle of points. -Knowing the exact position of a third satellite narrows the possibilities down to two points of intersection. The exact position is usually known now because one of the points is usually not on the surface of the Earth. A fourth satellite position can be used to find the one single location without any doubt. (This will be discussed later). This is how position is calculated, but how is the distance measured from the receiver to the satellite? Basically, it is measured by timing how long it takes for a signal sent from the satellite to arrive at the receiver. Both the satellite and the receiver simultaneously generate the same pseudo random code. The time delay before both codes will synchronise, multiplied by the speed of light gives the distance. Diagrammatically, It should be explained that the pseudo random code is just a very complicated code that looks like random electrical noise. The reasons for the complexity are: -It helps make sure that the receiver doesn't accidentally sync up to some other signal. -It guarantees that the receiver doesn't accidentally pick up another satellite's signal as each satellite has its own unique pseudo random code. -The code makes it possible to use'information theory' to 'amplify' the GPS signal. As well as the GPS signal containing a pseudo random code, every satellite also transmits almanac and ephemeris data. The almanac data is general information on the location and the health of each satellite in the constellation, which can be received from any satellite. Ephemeris data is the precise satellite positioning information that is used by the GPS receiver to compute its position. Each satellite transmits its own ephemeris data. It is of utmost importance that timing is extremely precise. Satellites have atomic clocks that can make precise time measurements, while available GPS receivers don't. To correct this, a fourth satellite distance measurement is made, providing perfect timing or atomic accuracy clock measurements. One consequence of this principle is that any decent GPS receiver will need to have at least four channels so that it can make the four measurements simultaneously. Exact distance has now been obtained and the exact position of the satellite is known due to ephemeris data. Therefore, perfect position calculations could be made. It is worth mentioning that the Department of Defence constantly monitors the GPS satellites. There is a master control station in Colorado Springs and five monitor stations and three ground antennas located throughout the world. The monitor stations send the information they collect from each of the satellites back to the master control station, which computes extremely precise satellite orbits. The information is then formatted into updated navigation messages for each satellite. The updated information is transmitted to each satellite via ground

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List Biological Weapons Biological weapons are toxic materials produced from pathogenic organisms (usually microbes) or artificially manufactured toxic substances that are used to intentionally interfere with the biological processes of a host. These substances work to kill or incapacitate the host. Biological weapons may be used to target living organisms including humans, animals, or vegetation. They may also be used to contaminate nonliving substances such as air, water and soil. Microscopic Weapons There are a variety of microorganisms that can be used as biological weapons. Agents are commonly chosen because they are highly toxic, easily obtainable and inexpensive to produce, easily transferable from person to person, can be dispersed in aerosol form, or have no known vaccine. Common microbes used as biological weapons include: Bacteria -  these prokaryotic organisms  are capable of infecting cells and causing disease. Bacteria cause diseases such as anthrax and botulism. Viruses - are  about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria and require a host to replicate. They are responsible for disease including smallpox,  flesh-eating disease, Ebloa disease, and Zika disease. Fungi - some of these  eukaryotic organisms  contain deadly toxins that are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. They cause diseases such as  rice blast, wheat  stem rust,  aspergillosis (caused by inhaling fungal  spores), and bovine foot rot. Toxins - poisonous substances that can be extracted from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Toxic substances that can be used as biological weapons include ricin and venom from animals such as snakes and spiders. Distribution Methods While it is possible to develop biological weapons from microbes,  finding a means of distributing the substances is difficult. One possible way is through aerosols. This can be ineffective as the materials often get clogged when spraying. Biological agents distributed by air may also be destroyed by UV light or rain may wash them away. Another method of distribution may be to attach the toxins to a bomb so that they may be released upon explosion. The problem with this is that the microbes will most likely be destroyed by the explosion as well. Toxins could be used to contaminate food and water supplies. This method would require extremely large amounts of toxin for a large scale attack. Protective Measures A number of measures can be taken to protect individuals against biological attacks. Should an aerosol attack occur, removing your clothing and showering are good methods for removing toxins. Biological weapons dont typically adhere to clothing or skin, but can be dangerous should they enter cuts or lesions on the skin. Protective clothing, such as masks and gloves, can provide protection against airborne particles. Other types of protective measures include administering  antibiotics and vaccines. Potential Biological Weapons Below is a list of a few biological organisms that may potentially be used as biological weapons. Microbe Natural Environment Target Host Mode of Contraction Diseases/Symptoms Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds, Inhalation Pulmonary Anthrax Septicemia, Flu-like symptoms Clostridium botulinum Soil Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation Clostridium perfringens Intestines of humans and other animals, Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds Gas gangrene, Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea RICIN Protein Toxin Extracted from Castor Bean Plants Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation, Injection Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting, Weakness, Fever, Cough, and Pulmonary Edema Smallpox Eradicated from Nature, Now Obtained from Laboratory Stockpiles Humans Direct Contact with Bodily Fluids or Contaminated Objects, Inhalation Persistent Fever, Vomiting, Rash on Tongue and in Mouth, Rash and Bumps on Skin

Is film dead should it be buried in favor of digital film Essay

Is film dead should it be buried in favor of digital film - Essay Example For nearly a century, film has been the leading choice of professionals for capturing images, unraveling a multibillion-dollar industry until 2000. Digital capturing devices got their start in 1969 at Bells Lab with the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD). The CCD, an invention by George Smith and Willard Boyle, uses an electrical charge to activate pixels when light hit the censors rather than create an image through grain re-arrangement It was not until the Dogme 95 era in the early 1990's that filmmakers saw the potential of digital cinema as a viable form for telling stories. Approximately a decade later, George Lucas and Sony teamed up to create the first professional digital video cameras that offer many of the same features of 35mm motion picture cameras. The release of Star Wars II in 2002 marks the instance in the film history when a one-hundred percent digital production of the film becomes successful, sparking the embracement of digital film revolution. For nearly a decade after 2002, companies such as ARRI, Red, Sony, Canon, and Panavision on digital film have spent billions of dollars on research and development to further the efficiency of digital film cameras. It is a digital millennium. Everything is going digital: cars, houses, computers, everything under the sun is. Just like in every other industry, controversy dominates as to which between the devil we know (old), and the strange angel (new), is the path to maximum achievement and not doom of the film industry. This study will discuss in depth the features of digital film that saw it overtake and kill the film, plus the mileage it has so far gained above it. Color grading This is the process of alteration and enhancement of an image, video, or motion picture to achieve a certain appearance. Digital film allows for capturing and post-editing, making this process much easier as compared to film. According to Paramour Productions, digital shooting allows for post-shoot editing of indiv idual scenes unlike in the film era that supported only two shooting modes: tungsten-balanced and daylight-balanced films. This means color temp fluctuation was very likely, varying as per the available light’s intensity, which meant all the footage needed correction to achieve a white consistent point to start the grading. This further explains why in the film era, a shoot required several rooms with different customizations to achieve variations. However, today, digital filming allows shooting from a single location or prop and with the use of advanced software, allows easy color alteration or grading from just a computer unlike the use of actual rooms, props or scenes to achieve certain effects. In addition, and according to Hoad, Hollywood incorporates much use of digital color grading to achieve extreme special effects impossible with film as it allows for post-production alteration as with the 2000 movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? It is the first filming to be put on a hard drive, allowing for creation of a Digital Intermediate point (DI), from where the editor used â€Å"virtual crayons† to achieve an explosion of special effects. The guardian refers to color grading as an absolute necessity. Distribution, marketing, and exhibition According to Fischer (95), in the year 2000, Hollywood disseminated a full movie, Titan AE via the internet, which it digitized before sending it to its destination,